42. Solution to Chemistry Problem

7. The dependence of the composition of the liquid phase and the vapor in equilibrium with it on the temperature is given for a two-component liquid system A - B at constant pressure. The molar composition of the liquid phase x and saturated vapor y is expressed as a percentage of substance A. Based on the given data:
1) plot a graph of the dependence of the vapor composition on the liquid composition at constant pressure;
2) plot a boiling diagram for the system A - B;
3) determine the boiling point of the system with a molar content of a% of substance A; what is the composition of the first vapor bubble above this system; at what temperature will the boiling of the system stop; what is the composition of the last drop of the liquid phase?
4) determine the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid phase boiling at temperature T1;
5) by means of which experiment can we establish the composition of a liquid binary system if it begins to boil at temperature T1 in the presence of a boiling diagram for the system?
6) what component and in what quantity can be isolated from a system consisting of b kg of substance A and c kg of substance B?
7) what component and in what quantity should be added to the mixture specified in p.6 to obtain an azeotropic system?
8) what quantity of substance A will be in the vapor and liquid phase if 2 kg of a mixture with a molar content of a% of substance A is heated to temperature T1?
9) determine the variability of the system at the azeotropic point.

7 A- H2O
B-C5H12O
(2-methyl-3-butyl-2-ol)
at P*10-4 Pa=10.246∙

x – liquid phase 0.0 18.9 34.2 53.8 66.7 75.7 82.4 87.5
y – steam 0.0 42.7 55.3 63.4 65.7 66.9 67.5 68.1
T, K 377.5 367.8 365.3 364.3 364.1 363.2 364.25 364.3
T1, K a, % b, kg c, kg

367 25 6.4 93.6