32. Solution to Chemistry Problem

The dependence of the liquid phase composition and the vapor in equilibrium with it on the temperature is given for a two-component liquid system A-B at constant pressure. The molar composition of the liquid phase x and saturated vapor y is expressed as a percentage of substance A. Based on the given data:
plot a graph of the vapor composition (X) versus the liquid phase composition (Y) at constant pressure;
plot a boiling diagram for the system A-B;
Analyze the phase state of the system; indicate the regions of liquid (L), vapor (V), and heterogeneous (L-V) systems.
Indicate the composition of the azeotropic solution.
determine the boiling point of the system with a molar fraction of a% of substance A. Indicate the composition of the first vapor bubble above this system; the temperature at which boiling of the system will cease; what is the composition of the last drop of the liquid phase?
determine the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid phase boiling at temperature T1;
calculate the amount of a component that can be separated by rectification from a system consisting of b kg of substance A and c kg of substance B.

Table 2.1 – Relationship: composition-temperature
Option System Molar composition A% T,K Molar composition A% T,K
X-liquid phase Y-vapor X-liquid phase Y-vapor
7 A- H2O
B-C5H12O
(2-methyl-3-butyl-2-ol)
at P=10.246∙104Pa 0.0
18.9
34.2
53.8
66.7
75.7
82.4 0.0
42.7
55.3
63.4
65.7
66.9
67.5 377.5
367.8
365.3
364.3
364.1
364.2
364.25 87.5
91.6
94.9
97.7
99.5
100.0 68.1
69.1
70.3
75.7
91.0
100.0 364.3
364.4
364.8
366.4
369.0
373.3

Table 2.2 – Temperature, composition
Option
No. T1,K a, % mol
b,kg c,kg
7 367 25 6.4 93.6